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Definition of "Direct Memory Access" |
[DMA] a means of data transfer directly between a peripheral and the system memory without passing through the CPU. A transfer of multiple bytes of data in a system, but supervisory over-head only occurs on the first byte or the start of the transfer [all other bytes are transferred directly with system control] as in a Block Transfer. / Direct Memory Access is a feature of modern computers that allows certain hardware subsystems within the computer to access system memory . / Direct memory access (DMA) is a feature of computers that allows certain hardware subsystems within the computer to access system memory independently of the central processing unit (CPU).Without DMA, when the CPU is using programmed input/output, it is typically fully occupied for the entire duration of the read or write operation, and is thus unavailable to perform other work. With DMA, the CPU initiates the transfer, does other operations while the transfer is in progress, and receives an interrupt from the DMA controller when the operation is done. This feature is useful any time the CPU cannot keep up with the rate of data transfer, or where the CPU needs to perform useful work while waiting for a relatively slow I/O data transfer. Many hardware systems use DMA, including disk drive controllers, graphics cards, network cards and sound cards. DMA is also used for intra-chip data transfer in multi-core processors. Computers that have DMA channels can transfer data to and from devices with much less CPU overhead than computers without DMA channels. Similarly, a processing element inside a multi-core processor can transfer data to and from its local memory without occupying its processor time, allowing computation and data transfer to proceed in parallel. / The step-up transformer is used to increase the secondary voltage relative to the primary voltage. |
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