Definition of Drift Velocity
Electrical Engineering ⇒ Topic : Drift Velocity
Definition of Drift Velocity |
Sunita
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Let us consider a conductor XY shown in Figure The two ends of the conductor are connected to a battery. Before connecting to the battery, the electrons in the conductor were in the random motion. As soon as the battery is in action, the electric field is established. The free electrons at the end Y will now experience a force -eE in the direction Y to X. The electrons in the conductor are accelerated in this direction. The electrons collide with each other and also with the positive ions in the conductor. At each collision, the momentum gained by the electrons is lost. The electron is accelerated afresh after each collision. A backward force acts on the electrons due to collisions. This force is known as collision
drag. The net effect of these collisions is that the electrons slowly drift with a constant average
drift velocity in the direction of -E | |
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Seema
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DRIFT VELOCITY The average velocity with which free electrons get drifted in a metallic conductor under the influence of electric field is called drift velocity (Vd) . The drift velocity of free electrons is of the order of 10-5 ms-1 | |
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