1 - Fundamentals Of Electrical Engineering
2 - Electrical Machine - 1
3 - Electrical Machine - 2
4 - Electrical Power - 1
5 - Electrical Power - 2
6 - Electrical And Electronics Engineering Materials
7 - Electrical Measurements And Instrumentation
8 - Electronics - 1
9 - Electronics - 2
10 - Estimating And Costing In Electrical Engineering
[ Fundamentals Of Electrical Engineering ]
- (a) Application and Advantages of Electrical Energy
(b) Basic Electrical Quantities
- Basic concept of charge, current, voltage, resistance, power, energy and their units
- Conversion of units of work, power and energy from one form to another
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DC Circuits
- Ohm’s law, resistances in series and resistances in parallel
- Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications in solving electrical network problems
- Network theorems such as Thevenin’s theorem, superposition theorem, Maximum power transfer theorem and Norton’s theorem
- Star-delta transformation
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Batteries
- Basic idea about primary and secondary cells
- Working principle, construction and applications of Lead acid, Nickel Cadmium and Silver Oxide Cells
- Charging methods used for lead acid accumulator
- Care and maintenance of a lead acid battery
- Grouping of cells in series and parallel (simple numerical problems).
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Magnetism and Electromagnetism:
- Introduction to electromagnetism, Magnetic field around a straight current carrying conductor and a solenoid and methods to find its direction, force between two parallel current carrying conductors.
- Force on a conductor placed in the magnetic field
- Series magnetic circuits, simple problems
- Concept of hyteresis, loop and hysteresis loss.
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Electromagnetic Induction:
- Faraday's Laws of electromagnetic induction
- Lenz's law
- Fleming's Right and Left Hand Rule
- Principle of self and mutual induction
- Principle of self and mutually induced e.m.f. and simple problems
- Inductances in series and parallel
- Energy stored in a magnetic field
- Concept of eddy currents, eddy current loss
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AC Fundamentals
- Concept of a.c. generation (single phase and three phase)
- Difference between a.c and d.c
- Concept of alternating current and voltage, equation of instantaneous values, average value, r.m.s value, form factor, power factor etc.
- Concept of phasor and phase difference.
- Representation of alternating sinusoidal quantities by vectors
- Phasor algebra (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of complex quantities)
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AC Circuits
- AC through pure resistance, inductance and capacitance
- Alternating voltage applied to RL,RC and RLC series and parallel circuits (impedance triangle, phasor diagram and their solutions)
- Concept of susceptance, conductance and admittance
- J-notation and its application in solving problems in ac circuits
- Power in pure resistance, inductance, capacitance, RL, RC, RLC circuits
- Active and reactive components of current and their significance
- Power factor and its practical significance
- Resonance in series and parallel circuits
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Poly-Phase systems
- Advantages of 3 phase over single phase system
- Star and delta connections (relationship between phase and line voltages, phase and line currents
- Power in 3 phase circuits and measurement by one wattmeter method
- Measurement of power and power factor of a 3-phase load by two wattmeter method using balanced/unbalanced load.
[ Electrical Machine - 1 ]
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Introduction to Electrical Machines
- Definition of motor and generator
- Torque development due to alignment of two fields and the concept of torque angle
- Electro-magnetically induced emf
- Elementary concept of an electrical machine
- Comparison of generator and motor
- Generalized theory of electrical machines
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DC Machines
- Main constructional features, Types of armature winding
- Function of the commutator for motoring and generation action
- Factors determining induced emf
- Factors determining the electromagnetic torque
- Significance of types of machines
- Significance of back e.m.f., the relation between back emf and Terminal voltage
- Armature Reaction
- Methods to improve commutation
- Performance and characteristics of different types of DC motors
- Speed control of dc shunt/series motors
- Need of starter, three point dc shunt motor starter and 4 point starter
- Applications of DC motors
- Faults in dc machines and their retrospective
- Losses in a DC machine
- Determination of losses by Swinburne’s test
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Transformers (single phase)
- Introduction
- Constructional features of a transformer and parts of transformer
- Working principle of a transformer
- EMF equation
- Transformer on no-load and its phasor diagram
- Transformer – neglecting voltage drop in the windings – Ampere turn balance – its phasor diagram
- Mutual and leakage fluxes, leakage reactance
- Transformer on load, voltage drops and its phasor diagram
- Equivalent circuit
- Relation between induced emf and terminal voltage, regulation of a transformer mathematical relation
- Losses in a transformer
- Open circuit and short circuit test. Calculation of efficiency, condition for maximum efficiency-maintenance of Transformer, scheduled Maintenance
- Auto transformer construction, working and applications
- Different types of transformers including dry type transformer.
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Transformers three phase
- Construction of three phase transformers and accessories of transformers such as Conservator, breather, Buchholtz Relay, Tap Changer (off load and on load) (Brief idea)
- Types of three phase transformer i.e. delta-delta, delta-star, star-delta and star-star
- Conditions for parallel operation (only conditions are to be studied)
- On load tap changer
- Difference between power and distribution transformer
- Cooling of transformer
[ Electrical Machine - 2 ]
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Synchronous Machines
- Main constructional features of synchronous machine including commutator and brushless excitation system
- Generation of three phase emf
- Production of rotating magnetic field in a three phase winding
- Concept of distribution factor and coil span factor and emf equation Armature reaction at unity, lag and lead power factor
- Operation of single synchronous machine independently supplying a load - Voltage regulation by synchronous impedance method
- Need and necessary conditions of parallel operation of alternators Synchronizing an alternator (Synchroscope method) with the bus bars
- Operation of synchronous machine as a motor –its starting methods
- Effect of change in excitation of a synchronous motor
- Concept and Cause of hunting and its prevention
- Rating and cooling of synchronous machines
- Applications of synchronous machines (as an alternator, as a synchronous condenser)
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Induction Motors
- Salient constructional features of squirrel cage and slip ring 3-phase induction motors
- Principle of operation, slip and its significance
- Locking of rotor and stator fields
- Rotor resistance, inductance, emf and current
- Relationship between copper loss and the motor slip
- Power flow diagram of an induction motor
- Factors determining the torque
- Torque-slip curve, stable and unstable zones
- Effect of rotor resistance upon the torque slip relationship
- Double cage rotor motor and its applications
- Starting of 3-phase induction motors, DOL, star-delta, auto transformer
- Causes of low power factor of induction motors
- Testing of 3-phase motor on no load and blocked rotor test and to find efficiency
- Speed control of induction motor
- Harmonics and its effects, cogging and crawling in Induction Motors.
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Fractional Kilo Watt (FKW) Motors
- Single phase induction motors; Construction characteristics and applications
- Nature of field produced in single phase induction motor
- Split phase induction motor
- Capacitors start and run motor
- Shaded pole motor
- Reluctance start motor
- Alternating current series motor and universal motors
- Single phase synchronous motor
- Reluctance motor
- Hysteresis motor
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Special Purpose Machines
- Construction and working principle of linear induction motor, stepper motor, Servomotor, Submersible Motor, Introduction to Energy efficient Motors.
[ Electrical Power - 1 ]
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Power Generation
- Main resources of energy, conventional and non-conventional
- Different types of power stations, thermal, hydro, gas, diesel and nuclear power stations. Flow diagrams and brief details of their operation, comparison of the generating stations on the basis of running cost, site, starting, maintenance etc.
- Importance of non-conventional sources of energy in the present scenario. Brief details of solar energy, bio-energy, wind energy
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Economics of Generation
- Fixed and running cost, load estimation, load curves, demand factor, load factor, diversity factor, power factor and their effect on cost of generation, simple problems there on.
- Base load and peak load power stations, inter-connection of power stations and its advantages, concept of regional and national grid.
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Transmission Systems
- Layout of transmission system, selection of voltage for H.T and L.T lines, advantages of high voltage for Transmission both AC and DC
- Comparison of different system: AC versus DC for power transmission, conductor material and sizes from standard tables
- Constructional features of transmission lines: Types of supports, types of insulators, Types of conductors, Selection of insulators, conductors, earth wire and their accessories, Transposition of conductors and string efficiency of suspension type insulators, Bundle Conductors.
- Mechanical features of line: Importance of sag, calculation of sag, effects of wind and ice related problems; Indian electricity rules pertaining to clearance
- Electrical features of line: Calculation of resistance, inductance and capacitance without derivation in a.c. transmission line, voltage regulation, and concept of corona. Effects of corona and remedial measures
- Transmission Losses
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Distribution System
- Lay out of HT and LT distribution system, constructional feature of distribution lines and their erection. LT feeders and service mains; Simple problems on AC radial distribution system, determination of size of conductor
- Preparation of estimates of HT and LT lines (OH and Cables).
- Constructional features of LT (400 V), HT (II kV) underground cables, advantages and disadvantages of underground system with respect to overhead system.
- Calculation of losses in distribution system
- Faults in underground cables-determine fault location by Murray Loop Test, Varley Loop Test
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Substations:
- Brief idea about substations; out door grid sub-station 220/132 KV, 66/33 KV outdoor substations, pole mounted substations and indoor substation
- Layout of 33/11 kV/400V distribution substation and various auxiliaries and equipment
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Power Factor:
- Concept of power factor
- Reasons and disadvantages of low power factor
- Methods for improvement of power factor using capacitor banks, VAR Static Compensator (SVC)
[ Electrical Power - 2 ]
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Faults: common type of faults in both
- Overhead systems (symmetrical / unsymmetrical faults) Single line to ground fault, double line to ground fault, 3-phase to ground fault open circuit and .
- Underground systems.
- simple problems relating to fault finding
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Switch Gears
- Purpose of protective gear. Difference between switch, isolator and circuit breakers. Function of isolator and circuit breaker. Making capacity and breaking capacity of circuit breaker (only definition)
- Principles of Arc extinction in OCB and ACB, Constructional features of OCB, ACB, and their working.
- Circuit breakers. Types of circuit breakers, bulk and minimum oil circuit breakers, air blast circuit breakers, SF6 circuit breakers
- Miniature circuit breakers ACB, ELCB, MCB, for distribution and transmission system (Descriptive)
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Protection Devices
- Fuses; function of fuse. Types of fuses, HV and LV fuses, rewire-able, cartridge, HRC
- Earthing: purpose of earthing, method of earthing, Equipment earthing, Substation earthing, system earthing as per Indian Electricity rules. Methods of reducing earth resistance.
- Relays:
- Introduction- types of relays. Electromagnetic and thermal relays, their construction and working
- Induction type over-current, earth fault relays, instantaneous over current relay
- Directional over-current, differential relays, their functions
- Distance relays, their functions
- Idea of static relays and their applications
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Protection Scheme
- Relays for generator protection
- Relays for transformer, protection including Buchholtz relay protection
- Protection of feeders and bus bars, Over current and earth fault protection.
- Distance protection for transmission system
- Relays for motor protection
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Over-voltage Protection
- Protection of system against over voltages, causes of over voltages, utility of ground wire
- Lightning arrestors, rod gap, horn gap, metal oxide type.
- Transmission Line and substation protection against over-voltages and lightning
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Various Types of Tariffs:
- Concept of Tariffs
- Block rate, flat rate, maximum demand and two part tariffs
- Simple problems
[ Electrical And Electronics Engineering Materials ]
[ Electrical Measurements And Instrumentation ]
[ Electronics - 1 ]
[ Electronics - 2 ]
[ Estimating And Costing In Electrical Engineering ]