Civil Engineering ⇒ Topic : Levelling, Principle, Types, Terminology
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Julian
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Levelling is an important branch of surveying. Principle of levelling : Essentially a level consists of the following five parts 1. A telescope to provide a line of sight 2. A level tube to make the line of sight horizontal 3. Levelling head to bring the bubble in the centre of tube 4. A cross bubble tube to provide a horizontal plane 5. A tripod to support the instrument Types of levels : Following are commonly used levels- 1. Dumpy level 2. Wye level 3. Cooke's reversible level 4. Cushing's level 5. Modern Titing level of Indian office Pattern Levelling Terminology : Level surface Level line Horizontal surface Horizontal line Vertical surface Vertical line Datum Reduced level Line of collimation Back sight Fore sight Intermediate sight Height of instrument Changing point Station Bench mark Parallax Temporary adjustment of a level Permanent adjustment of a level Level book Reduced levels Reciprocal levelling | |
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